Flavonoid glycosides from the water extract of Artemisia annua L / 药学学报

Twenty one flavonoid glycosides were isolated and purified from n-butanol portion of the water extract of A. annua by various chromatographic techniques such as HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as axillarin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), orientin (2), apigenin-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-β-L-arabinopyranoside (3), apigenin-6-C-β-D-galactopyranosyl-8-C-β-L-arabinopyranoside (4), apigenin-6-C-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-8-C-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), vicenin-2 (9), patuletin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), luteolin-6-C-glucopyranoside (11), vitexin (12), kaempferol-3-O-β-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-glucopyranoside (13), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), patuletin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (15), 7-O-methyl-quercetagetin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), nepitrin (18), rutin (19), kaempferol-3-O-β-sophoroside (20), and patuletin-3-O-rutinoside (21). Compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20 and 21 are isolated from A. annua for the first time. In the anti-inflammatory assay, compound 1 inhibited the release of IL-6 from LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells to significantly degrees with the high (100 μmol·L-1), medium (50 μmol·L-1), low (25 μmol·L-1) concentration.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with primary dilated cardiomyopathy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the genetic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of children with primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 44 children who were diagnosed with DCM in Hebei Children's Hospital from July 2018 to February 2023. According to the genetic testing results, they were divided into two groups: gene mutation-positive group (n=17) and gene mutation-negative group (n=27). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data at initial diagnosis and follow-up data.@*RESULTS@#Among the 44 children with DCM, there were 21 boys (48%) and 23 girls (52%). Respiratory symptoms including cough and shortness of breath were the most common symptom at initial diagnosis (34%, 15/44). The detection rate of gene mutations was 39% (17/44). There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, proportion of children with cardiac function grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ, brain natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening at initial diagnosis (P>0.05). The median follow-up time was 23 months, and 9 children (20%) died, including 8 children from the gene mutation-positive group, among whom 3 had TTN gene mutation, 2 had LMNA gene mutation, 2 had TAZ gene mutation, and 1 had ATAD3A gene mutation. The gene mutation-positive group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the gene mutation-negative group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is no correlation between the severity of DCM at initial diagnosis and gene mutations in children. However, children with gene mutations may have a poorer prognosis.

Relationship between Vowel Production and Speech Clarity in Post-stroke Dysarthria Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the characteristics of vowel production of dysarthria after stroke, and the relationship between vowel production and speech clarity. Methods:From October, 2019 to January, 2020, 19 patients with post-stroke dysarthria and 18 healthy controls were asked to read a short essay to extract vowels, and measured the jaw distance, tongue distance, F2i/F2u, vowel space area (VSA), vowel articulation index (VAI), F1 and F2 variability, and speech clarity. The correlation between vowel production and speech clarity were analyzed. Results:Tongue distance, F2i/F2u, VSA, VAI, and speech clarity were less in the patients than in the controls (|t| > 2.268, P < 0.05), while F2 variability was more (t = 2.375, P < 0.05). F2i/F2u (r = 0.465), VAI (r = 0.488) and F2 variability (r = -0.504) were correlated to speech clarity (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The vowel production impaired in patients with post-stroke dysarthria, featured as abnormal articulatory movements, concentration of vowels and poor stability of vowels, which impacts the speech clarity.

Comprehensive profiling and characterization of the absorbed components and metabolites in mice serum and tissues following oral administration of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap HRMS / 中国天然药物

Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction (QFPDD) is a Chinese medicine compound formula recommended for combating corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The latest clinical study showed that early treatment with QFPDD was associated with favorable outcomes for patient recovery, viral shedding, hospital stay, and course of the disease. However, the effective constituents of QFPDD remain unclear. In this study, an UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS based method was developed to identify the chemical constituents in QFPDD and the absorbed prototypes as well as the metabolites in mice serum and tissues following oral administration of QFPDD. A total of 405 chemicals, including 40 kinds of alkaloids, 162 kinds of flavonoids, 44 kinds of organic acids, 71 kinds of triterpene saponins and 88 kinds of other compounds in the water extract of QFPDD were tentatively identified via comparison with the retention times and MS/MS spectra of the standards or refereed by literature. With the help of the standards and in vitro metabolites, 195 chemical components (including 104 prototypes and 91 metabolites) were identified in mice serum after oral administration of QFPDD. In addition, 165, 177, 112, 120, 44, 53 constituents were identified in the lung, liver, heart, kidney, brain, and spleen of QFPDD-treated mice, respectively. These findings provided key information and guidance for further investigation on the pharmacologically active substances and clinical applications of QFPDD.

Work-ability Support Scale-Chinese Version for Stroke Patients: Reliability and Validity Analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To test the reliability and validity of Work-ability Support Scale (WSS) in stroke patients. Methods:WSS was translated into Chinese with the standard translation-retroversion. From December, 2018 to March, 2019, 193 middle-aged and young stroke patients from two community health service centers in Zhengzhou were conveniently selected, and investigated with Chinese WSS by two nurses. The data were analyzed with item analysis, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability and inter-rater reliability. Results:The content validity was 0.94 in WSS A and 0.90 in WSS B. Three factors were extracted from 16 items in WSS A, with cumulative variance contribution of 67.747%; while three factors were extracted from 12 items in WSS B, with cumulative variance contribution of 56.056%. Cronbach's α was 0.933 and 0.778 in WSS A and WSS B, respectively. The kappa coefficient was above 0.6 between two raters in every item, except items B8 and B10. Conclusion:Chinese WSS is satisfactory in validity and reliability for using in young and middle-aged stroke patients during their return to work.

Correlation of Swallowing Experience to Frailty and Nutrition in Old Stroke Inpatients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the relationship of swallowing experience to frailty and nutrition in old stroke inpatients. Methods:From March to July, 2019, 174 stroke inpatients aged above 60 were investigated with Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), FRAIL Scale and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). The correlation of DHI score to scores of FRAIL Scale and MNA-SF was analyzed with Pearson correaltion analysis. Multiple regression was analyzed using the scores of dimensions and total score of DHI as dependent variables, and the scores of FRAIL Scale and MNA-SF as independent variables. Results:The inpatients aged (76.16±9.908) years. The DHI score was (50.34±28.325), in which the body score was (17.68±10.254), the function score was (20.31±11.085) and the emotion score was (12.36±9.193). The FRAIL Scale score was (3.16±1.301), and the MNA-SF score was (8.95±2.529). The DHI scores positively correlated with the FRAIL Scale score (r = 0.575, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the MNA-SF score (r = -0.544, P < 0.001). The scores of FRAIL Scale and MNA-SF explained the 34.4% of variable for body, 38.7% for function, 36.1% for emotion and 42.4% for DHI total score. Conclusion:Improving the frailty and nutrition may reduce the poor swallowing experience for old stroke inpatients.

Establishment of a novel mouse mode of elastase-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease related osteoporosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To establish and evaluate the model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with osteoporosis induced by elastase in mice.@*METHODS@#Twenty four healthy female 8-week-old C57BL / 6 mice (weighing about 18 g) were randomly divided into three groups. The control group was given intratracheal drip of normal saline, the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 2 were given intratracheal drip of elastase, the control group and the experimental group 1 were kept for 8 weeks and then killed, the experimental group 2 was kept for 12 weeks and then killed. HE staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of lung and tibia in the control and experimental groups. The levels of serum inflammatory factors and broncho alveolar lavage factors (BALF) were detected by ELISA. Micro CT was used to detect the bone mass related parameters of mouse femur. The expression of osteoclastic and osteogenic genes was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.@*RESULTS@#Lung histopathology showed that the structure of alveoli in the experimental group was disordered, the walls of alveoli became thin or broken, and the alveoli cavity expanded. IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.001), while IL-1β and TNF-α in serum inflammatory factors were significantly higher than those in control group (<0.001). BV / TV(bone volume fraction), TB.Th(average bone trabecular thickness) and TB.N(average bone trabecular number) in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (<0.05), TB.Sp (average bone trabecular separation) and BS / BV (bone surface area fraction) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of osteoclast related marker genes increased in the experimental group (<0.05), but decreased in the experimental group(<0.05). The results of experiment 1 and experiment 2 were time-dependent.@*CONCLUSION@#In this study, elastase was used to construct a COPD model with osteoporosis successfully, which provides a suitable animal model for the future study of the pathogenesis of COPD with osteoporosis.

Chemical profiling and tissue distribution study of Jingyin Granules in rats using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HR-MS / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the chemical profiling of Jingyin Granules and the tissue distribution of nine major constituents in this Chinese medicine were performed after oral administration of Jingyin Granules to rats, by using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HR-MS. An Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) chromatographic column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used as solid phase, while the mobile phase was methanol and 0.1% formic acid water for gradient elution. The major constituents in this Chinese medicine were quickly and accurately identified, via comparison with the retention times and MS/MS spectra of the standards. A total of 106 chemicals were identified from Jingyin Granules, including 24 kinds of organic acids, 47 kinds of flavonoids, 10 kinds of iridoids, and 21 kinds of saponins and 4 kinds of other compounds. After oral administered Jingyin Granules to rats, 48, 30, 25, 23, 45, 34, 39, 26, 19 prototype compounds were identified in serum, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, fat, and testicles, respectively. Meanwhile, an LC-MS based analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, swertiamarin, caffeic acid, sweroside, liquiritin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, arctiin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and arctigenin in biological samples. The tissue distribution(serum, liver and lung) of these nine aim constituents in rats after oral administration of Jingyin Granules were investigated. It was found that these nine constituents could be quickly absorbed into circulation system and then distributed to liver and lung tissues. Except arctigenin, the exposure of other eight aim constituents to serum and lung was peaked at 1 h. At 1 h, the exposure of these components to lung tissue were ranked as follows: swertiamarin [(75 191.0±3 483.21) ng·g~(-1)]>arctiin [(2 716.5±36.06) ng·g~(-1)]>5-O-methylvisammioside [(585.1±0.71) ng·g~(-1)]>arctigenin [(437.45±3.18) ng·g~(-1)]>chlorogenic acid [(308.1±5.66) ng·g~(-1)]>prim-O-glucosylcimifugin [(211.35±2.19) ng·g~(-1)]>sweroside [(184.3±9.05) ng·g~(-1)]>caffeic acid [(175.95±2.05) ng·g~(-1)]>liquiritin [(174.78±153.34) ng·g~(-1)]. In summary, an UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HR-MS method has been established for rapid and accurate identification of the constituents in Jingyin Granules, while the tissue distribution of nine major absorpted constituents were investigated in rats following oral administration of Jingyin Granules. These findings provided key information and guidance for further studies on pharmacodynamic substances and clinical applications of Jingyin Granules.

LMP2-DC Vaccine Elicits Specific EBV-LMP2 Response to Effectively Improve Immunotherapy in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a vaccine based on latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2) modified dendritic cells (DCs) that boosts specific responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to LMP2 before and after intradermal injection in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).@*Methods@#DCs were derived from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with NPC. We prepared LMP2-DCs infected by recombinant adenovirus vector expressing LMP2 (rAd-LMP2). NPC patients were immunized with 2 × 10 @*Results@#We demonstrated that DCs derived from monocytes displayed typical DC morphologies; the expression of LMP2 in the LMP2-DCs vaccine was confirmed by immunocytochemical assay. Twenty-nine patients with NPC were enrolled in this clinical trial. The LMP2-DCs vaccine was well tolerated in all of the patients. Boosted responses to LMP2 peptide sub-pools were observed in 18 of the 29 patients with NPC. The follow-up data of 29 immunized patients from April, 2010 to April 2015 indicated a five-year survival rate of 94.4% in responders and 45.5% in non-responders.@*Conclusion@#In this pilot study, we demonstrated that the LMP2-DCs vaccine is safe and effective in patients with NPC. Specific CTLs responses to LMP2 play a certain role in controlling and preventing the recurrence and metastasis of NPC, which warrants further clinical testing.

Efficacy of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in the treatment of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of monoclonal antibody in the treatment of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods Together 33 patients (33 eyes) with exudative AMD from February 2010 to May 2015 selected in this study were treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab,followed by examination of the best corrected visual acuity before and after surgery by international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart.The differences in ophthalmic artery (OA),central retinal artery (CRA) and ciliary artery hemodynamic parameters before and after operation were compared,and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was used to measure and calculate the changes in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) fluorescein leakage area before and after operation.Results The best corrected visual acuity was significantly improved 1 week after operation when compared with preoperative data [(0.29 ± 0.18) vs.(0.16 ± 0.15)],with significant difference (P =0.002).And 7 days after operation,the area of CNV fluorescein leakage was less than that of postoperative data [(8.48 ± 6.13)mm2 vs.(11.39 ± 6.12)mm2],and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.029).However,there was no difference in OA,CRA,the peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic blood flow velocity (EDV)and resistance index (RI),pulsatility index (PI) in the treatment eyes between before operation and 1,4 weeks after operation (all P ＞ 0.05).Conelusion Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in the treatment of exudative AMD is safe and effective and can effectively improve the visual acuity and alleviate CNV leakage,without adveme effects on patients' hemodynamics.

Efficacy of different kinds of artificial tears treatment in patients with xerophthalmia after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To explore efficacy of the different kinds of artificial tears treatment in patients with xerophthalmia after phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation.METHODS:Totally 280 patients (280 eyes) with xerophthalmia after operation in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2016 were selected.According to the different treatment methods, they were divided into control group (n=70;treated with tobramycin and dexamethasone eye ointment 3 times per day for 1wk, levofloxacin eye drops 3 times per day for 1wk, pranoprofen eye drops 4 times per day for 1mo), polyacrylic acid group (n=70;besides the treatment of control group, polyacrylic acid was used 4 times per for 1mo), polyethylene glycol group(n=70;besides the treatment of control group, polyethylene glycol was used 4 times per for 1mo) and sodium hyaluronate group (n=70;besides the treatment of control group, sodium hyaluronate was used 4 times per for 1mo).The tear film break up time (BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt), symptoms of dry eye and corneal staining in four groups were observed.RESULTS:(1) BUT:The BUT of the four groups significantly increased after treatment(P0.05);sodium hyaluronate group was significant lower than other groups in corneal staining score at 3wk and 1mo after treatment(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Artificial tears in the treatment of xerophthalmia after cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation has better clinical efficacy, which contains sodium hyaluronate may be the better than others.

Progress on the role of autophagy in spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

In recent years, the study of autophagy in spinal cord injury (SCI) gradually becomes the hot spot. However, the function of autophagy in the injured spinal cord is still controversial. In order to further understand the role of autophagy after SCI, we summarized the activation of autophagy, autophagic cell death, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, the function of autophagy in promoting the molecular metabolism and the role of autophagy after spinal cord injury. We concluded that the role of autophagy after SCI is a double-edged sword. Upregulating the level of autophagy appropriately can promote damaged proteins metabolism and inhibit apoptosis. However, excessive activation of antophagy may induce autophagic cell dealth. So we consider that the proper regulation of autophagy will be a new target in the treatment of SCI.

Preparation technology of chrysophanol freeze-dried liposomes / 中草药

Objective: To establish a method for the preparation of chrysophanol freeze-dried liposomes. Methods: The liposome suspension was prepared by film-ultrasonic dispersion method. The entrapment efficiency (EE) was determined by low-speed centrifugation and the influences of pre-freezing time, drying time, and type, dosage, and adding methods of the protective agents on EE of the freeze-dried liposome were studied. Results: The pre-freezing time was 24 h, the drying time was 24 h, mannitol-sucrose (mass ratio 1:1) as protective agent was externally added to get uniform particle with good redissolution and the EE was (61.30 ± 2.2)%. Conclusion: The liposome prepared by film-ultrasonic dispersion method is protected by mannitol-sucrose to get uniform particle size with the excellent redissolution and high EE.

Protective effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on cardiomyocytes injury induced by hydrogen peroxide / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effect and mechanism of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) on cardiomyocytes induced by hydrogen dioxide.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male guinea pigs were divided randomly into two groups (n = 10): intermittent hypoxia group (IHH), and control group (non-IHH). The IHH guinea pigs were exposed to a simulated 5,000 m high altitude and hypoxia in hypobaric chamber for 28 d, 6 h/d. The control guinea pigs were kept in the same environment as IHH except hypoxia exposure. Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically isolated from left ventricle of non-CIHH or CIHH guinea pigs. The contractile was assessed in guinea pigs by a video-based motion edge-detection system. The contents and activities of malondialdehyde(MDA), lactate hydrogenase(LDH) and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated by using biochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. Hydrogen peroxide could induce contractile and diastole dysfunction, the latent period was longer in IHH cardiac myocytes. 2. After hydrogen peroxide(300 micromol/L, 10 min) perfusion, LDH and MDA contents in supernatant increased significantly in non-IHH and CIHH cardiomyocytes (P < 0.01), Whereas the contents of MDA and LDH in IHH cardiomyocytes were lower than those in non-IHH cardiomyocytes (P < 0.01). 3. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased in the myocardium of IHH guinea pigs, after hydrogen peroxide (300 micromol/L, 10 min) perfusion, SOD and CAT activities decreased significantly in non-IHH and CIHH cardiomyocytes (P < 0.01), whereas the activities of SOD and CAT in CIHH cardiomyocytes were still higher than those in non-IHH cardiomyocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IHH had a protective effect on cardiomyocytes injury induced by hydrogen peroxide, which might relate with its antioxidation effects.</p>

CA 125 expression in cervical and vaginal secretions in women in normal reproductive period / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the tumor-associated antigen CA125 expression in the serum and cervical and vaginal secretions in women during normal reproductive period, and explore the clinical value of detecting tumor markers in the cervical and vaginal secretions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 145 women in reproductive period were divided into 3 age groups (20-29 years, 30-39 years, and over 40 years), and their CA125 levels in cervical secretion, vaginal secretion and serum were detected by automatic electro-chemiluminescent immunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CA125 levels in the cervical secretion, vaginal secretion and serum showed no significant difference between the 3 age groups (P>0.05). In each group, CA125 levels differed significantly between the cervical secretion, vaginal secretion and serum (P<0.001). In the 145 women, the average CA125 level was 497.82 - or + 75.29 U/ml in the cervical secretion, 114.66 - or + 26.40 U/ml in vaginal secretion and 18.06 - or + 3.35 U/ml in serum, showing significant differences between them (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CA125 expression level is significantly higher in the cervical and vaginal secretions than in the serum in women in normal reproductive period, and its levels in cervical and vaginal secretions can be more sensitive and convenient for early detection of related diseases.</p>

Inhibitive effect of 3-bromopyruvic acid on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells involves cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and is highly resistant to chemotherapy. Due to its high tumour selectivity, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA), a well-known inhibitor of energy metabolism has been proposed as a specific anticancer agent. The present study determined the effect of 3-BrPA on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line and other antitumour mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MCF-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA for 1 - 4 days, and cell growth was measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Marked morphological changes in MCF-7 cells after treatment with 3-BrPA were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The distributions of the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry was used to indicate the changes in the expression of Bcl-2, c-Myc, and mutant p53.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>3-BrPA (25 microg/ml) significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a time-dependent manner. The MCF-7 cells exposed to 3-BrPA showed the typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis, including karyopycnosis, nuclear condensation and oversize cytoplasmic particles. In addition, flow cytometric assay also showed more apoptotic cells after 3-BrPA stimulation. The cells at the G0 and G1 phases were dramatically decreased while cells at the S and G2/M phases were increased in response to 3-BrPA treatment after 48 hours. Furthermore, 3-BrPA stimulation decreased the expressions of Bcl-2, c-Myc and mutant p53, which were strongly associated with the programmed cell death signal transduction pathway.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3-BrPA inhibits proliferation, induces S phase and G2/M phase arrest, and promotes apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which processes might be mediated by the downregulation of the expressions of Bcl-2, c-Myc and mutant p53.</p>

Effects of strophanthidin on intracellular calcium concentration in ventricular myocytes of guinea pig / 药学学报

Effect of strophanthidin (Str) on intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was investigated on isolated ventricular myocytes of guinea pig. Single ventricular myocytes were obtained by enzymatic dissociation technique. Fluorescent signal of [Ca2+]i was detected with confocal microscopy after incubation of cardiomycytes in Tyrode' s solution with Fluo3-AM. The result showed that Str increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The ventricular myocytes began to round-up into a contracture state once the peak level of [Ca2+]i was achieved in the presence of Str (10 micromol L(- 1)), but remained no change in the presence of Str (1 and 100 nmol L(-1)). Tetrodotoxin (TTX), nisodipine, and high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ changed the response of cardiomycytes to Str (1 and 100 nmol L(-1)) , but had no obvious effects on the action of Str (10 micromol L(-1)). The elevation of [Ca2+]i caused by Str at all of the detected concentrations was partially antagonized by rynodine (10 micromol L(-1)) or the removal of Ca2+ from Tyrode's solution. In Na+, K+ -free Tyrode' s solution, the response of cardiomycytes in [Ca2+]i elevation to Str (10 micromol L(-1)) was attenuated, while remained no change to Str (1 and 100 nmol L(-1)). TTX, nisodipine, and high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ changed the response of cardiomycytes to Str at all of the detected concentrations in Na+, K+ -free Tyrode's solution. The study suggests that the elevation of [Ca2+]i by Str at the low (nomomolar) concentrations is partially mediated by the extracellular calcium influx through Ca2+ channel or a "slip mode conductance" of TTX sensitive Na+ channel. While the effect of Str at high (micromolar) concentrations was mainly due to the inhibition of Na+, K+ -ATPase. Directly triggering the release of intracellular Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by Str may be also involved in the mechanism of [Ca2+]i elevation.

The effect of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on neuropeptide-Y expression and apoptosis of hippocampus neurons in epilepsy rats induced by pilocarpine / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effect of low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-TMS) on changing neuropeptide-Y (NPY) expression and apoptosis of hippocampus neurons in epilepsy rats induced by pilocarpine (PLO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats (240 g +/- 20 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups. I group simply celiac injected pilocarpine. II group celiac injected PLO after LF-TMS. Pathological item included HE staining, NPY immunohistochemical staining and apoptosis staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HE staining revealed neurons of hippocampus were obviously death and cell's structure was destroyed in PLO group. The PLO + LF-TMS group was less injured and destroyed. Using One-Way ANOVA, NPY immunohistochemical staining shown the positive cell number was increased at all areas of hippocampus in PLO group contrasting with the low positive cell number in the PLO + LF-TMS group. In PLO group the number of apoptosis cell at hippocampus areas was significant higher than the PLO + LF-TMS group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using the PLO evoked epilepsy model, LF-TMS alleviated neurons injury at hippocampus area, so LF-TMS might playing an important role in resisting the progressing of epilepsy. The positive cell number of NPY increased at all areas of hippocampus, which indicated the close relation between NPY and epilepsy. NPY might have some function on resisting epilepsy.</p>

Comparison of three different endovascular approaches for the treatment of intracranial giant or large type aneurysms / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of detachable balloons,detachable coils and intracranial covered stents in management of intracranial giant aneurysms.Methods From April 1998 to March 2006,20 patients with a giant or very large aneurysm were treated by parent artery occlusion(PAO), coils embolization and covered stent,in which 9 aneurysms were treated by PAO,8 by coils embolization and 3 by covered stent at initial management.Two recurrent aneurysms treated by coils embolization were performed by covered stent.Follow-up 9-83 months,mean 41.1?25.3 months.Immediate postprocedural angiographic outcomes were categorized as complete occlusion(100%),subtotal occlusion(95%-99%),and incomplete occlusion(＜95%)of the aneurysms;and follow-up angiographic outcomes were categorized as stable, thrombosis,and recanalization.Clinical outcomes were graded according to a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).Results Endovascular treatment was technically feasible in all aneurysms without procedural-related complications.Immediate postprocedural angiograms showed complete occlusion was achieved in 11 aneurysms, subtotal occlusion in 7 and incomplete occlusion in 2.One patient with incomplete occlusion died on the seventh day with a rebleeding.The final angiographic findings in nineteen survival patients confirmed a complete occlusion in 15 aneurysms,subtotal occlusion in 3 and incomplete occlusion in 1,in which 10 parent arteries were successfully preserved.No rebleeding occurred during the follow-up period.The clinical evaluation performed at final follow-up in 19 patients revealed that the symptoms disappeared in 11 patients and improved in 8 in the modified GOS.Conclusions Treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms with coiling was associated with a low complete occlusion rate and a high recanalization rate.Treatment with endovascular parent artery occlusion remains practical,but this technique may result in damage to the parent artery and cause cerebral ischemic events.The use of an intracranial covered stent proved to be a relatively simple and safe procedure and maintained the pateney of the parent artery.

Involvement of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) in calcineurin-mediated ischemic brain damage in vivo / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the involvements of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc) and NF-kappaB in calcineurin-mediated ischemic brain damage in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rat transient forebrain ischemia conducted through 15 min ischemia followed by 8, 24, and 72 h reperfusion was induced using the four-vessel method. The rats were divided randomly into five groups; sham control group, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, CsA treated groups (for 8, 24, and 72 h reperfusion). Western blotting was performed to detect changes of FasL, NFATc, I-kappaB-alpha, and phospho-I-kappaB-alpha protein expression, and gel shift assays for NFAT FasL-DNA binding activities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blotting showed that the expressions of both FasL and NFATc protein were significantly increased in the hippocampus of rat subjected to transient forebrain ischemia in comparison with those of the sham control group, which were markedly reduced by CsA. The I-kappaB-alpha protein showed no changes in all groups, and phospho-I-kappaB-alpha protein was not observed in this study. Proximal and distal FasL promoter NFAT sites bind NFAT proteins from the hippocampal neurons subjected to transient forebrain ischemia, and DNA-binding activities increased significantly compared with those of the sham control group. CsA markedly inhibited these changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NFATc may be involved in calcineurin-mediated ischemic brain damage and transcription factor NF-kappaB may not be involved.</p>